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92. Alle object constraints
schoolium · Blendercursus
Blendercursus
92. Alle object constraints
JDeel J · Animatie, rigging en simulatie

Hoofdstuk 92Alle object constraints

29 constraints in vier groepen, en wanneer je elk ervan pakt

Een Constraint (beperking) berekent, elk frame opnieuw, een aanpassing op de transform van een object of bot — bovenop wat keyframes of handmatige invoer al vastleggen. Blender telt er 29, exact dezelfde set voor objecten (Object Constraint Properties) en voor botten (Bone Constraint Properties, hoofdstuk 93), verdeeld over vier groepen: Motion Tracking, Transform, Tracking en Relationship. Dit hoofdstuk behandelt alle 29 met hun volledige instellingen uit Blender 5.1 (632 instellingen in totaal), gegroepeerd per soort, telkens met wanneer je die constraint pakt in plaats van een andere.

9× uitleg1× galerij10× naslag1× zelf doen1 oefenbestand14 beelden
Een marionet met genummerde touwtjes naar vaste ankerpunten — elk touwtje een andere constraint.RECCONCEPT00:00:00:00schoolium
beeld-j-constraint-marionetEen marionet met genummerde touwtjes naar vaste ankerpunten — elk touwtje een andere constraint.
Uitleg · 92.1

Hoe de constraint-stapel werkt

1/21

Constraints staan, net als modifiers, in een stapel die van boven naar beneden wordt doorgerekend: elke constraint werkt op het resultaat van de constraint erboven, niet op de oorspronkelijke transform. Influence (0 tot 1, zelf animeerbaar) regelt hoe sterk een constraint meetelt, en het oogje naast elke constraint zet 'm tijdelijk uit zonder 'm te verwijderen — handig om tijdens het posen te zien hoe een rig zich zonder een bepaalde beperking gedraagt.

Het verschil met parenting: een constraint kan losgekoppeld, herordend of qua sterkte gemengd worden zonder de objecthiërarchie te breken, en één object draagt vaak meerdere constraints die elkaar aanvullen — bv. een Copy Rotation gevolgd door een Limit Rotation die de uitkomst binnen een veilige hoek houdt.

De Object Constraint Properties-tab met drie gestapelde constraints, de onderste tijdelijk uitgeschakeld via het oogje.RECBLENDER 5.1 · PROP-CONSTRAINT00:00:00:001920×1080
shot-prop-constraintDe Object Constraint Properties-tab met drie gestapelde constraints, de onderste tijdelijk uitgeschakeld via het oogje.
Naslag · 92.2

Motion Tracking

2/21

Koppelen een object aan het resultaat van een cameratracking (deel K, hoofdstuk 106) — zonder een geslaagde tracking-solve hebben deze drie geen functie.

Camera Solver CameraSolverConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Movie ClipPOINTER––Movie Clip to get tracking data from
Active ClipBOOLEANuit–Use active clip defined in scene
Follow Track FollowTrackConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Movie ClipPOINTER––Movie Clip to get tracking data from
TrackSTRING––Movie tracking track to follow
Active ClipBOOLEANuit–Use active clip defined in scene
3D PositionBOOLEANuit–Use 3D position of track to parent to
ObjectSTRING––Movie tracking object to follow (if empty, camera object is used)
CameraPOINTER––Camera to which motion is parented (if empty active scene camera is used)
Depth ObjectPOINTER––Object used to define depth in camera space by projecting onto surface of this object
Frame MethodENUMSTRETCHStretch, Fit, CropHow the footage fits in the camera frame
UndistortBOOLEANuit–Parent to undistorted position of 2D track
Object Solver ObjectSolverConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Movie ClipPOINTER––Movie Clip to get tracking data from
Active ClipBOOLEANuit–Use active clip defined in scene
Set Inverse PendingBOOLEANuit–Set to true to request recalculation of the inverse matrix
ObjectSTRING––Movie tracking object to follow
CameraPOINTER––Camera to which motion is parented (if empty active scene camera is used)
Uitleg · 92.3

De drie Motion Tracking-constraints onderling

3/21

Camera Solver past de hele scene-camera aan op de opgeloste cameratracking — je zet 'm precies één keer, op het camera-object. Object Solver doet hetzelfde voor een los object dat een getrackt punt in de scène moet volgen (bv. een 3D-object dat op een tafel in beeldmateriaal lijkt te staan). Follow Track volgt één specifiek 2D-trackpunt, geprojecteerd in de 3D-scène vanaf de camera — de juiste keuze om bv. een logo op een bewegend vlak te plakken.

Dezelfde soort constraint-stapel, hier met Track To — Camera Solver, Object Solver en Follow Track werken op eenzelfde manier maar dan op trackingdata.RECBLENDER 5.1 · CONSTRAINT-TRACKING00:00:00:001920×1080
shot-constraint-trackingDezelfde soort constraint-stapel, hier met Track To — Camera Solver, Object Solver en Follow Track werken op eenzelfde manier maar dan op trackingdata.
Naslag · 92.4

Tracking — een object naar een ander laten wijzen

4/21

Alle drie laten een object naar een doel 'kijken', met een andere manier om de rest van de rotatie in te vullen.

Clamp To ClampToConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target Object (Curves only)
Main AxisENUMCLAMPTO_AUTOAuto, X, Y, ZMain axis of movement
CyclicBOOLEANuit–Treat curve as cyclic curve (no clamping to curve bounding box)
Damped Track DampedTrackConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Track AxisENUMTRACK_XX, Y, Z, -X, -Y, -ZAxis that points to the target object
Locked Track LockedTrackConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Track AxisENUMTRACK_XX, Y, Z, -X, -Y, -ZAxis that points to the target object
Locked AxisENUMLOCK_XX, Y, ZAxis that points upward
Uitleg · 92.5

Track To, Damped Track, Locked Track en Clamp To

5/21

Track To is de klassieke variant, met een expliciete Up-as die bij bepaalde hoeken kan flippen (een gimbal-achtig probleem). Damped Track roteert zo min mogelijk om het doel te volgen, zonder aparte Up-as — meestal de stabielste keuze voor een camera of geschutskoepel die vloeiend moet meedraaien. Locked Track houdt één as volledig vast (het object blijft bv. rechtop) terwijl een andere as naar het doel wijst. Clamp To is een buitenbeentje in deze groep: het klemt de positie (niet de rotatie) van een object vast op een curve, op basis van de dichtstbijzijnde locatie — voor een object dat over een vast pad moet 'glijden' zonder los van de curve te komen.

Drie identieke objecten die hetzelfde doel volgen met Track To, Damped Track en Locked Track, met hun Up-as als kleine pijl getekend.RECBLENDER 5.1 · CONSTRAINT-TRACKING00:00:00:001920×1080
shot-constraint-trackingDrie identieke objecten die hetzelfde doel volgen met Track To, Damped Track en Locked Track, met hun Up-as als kleine pijl getekend.
Naslag · 92.6

Tracking (vervolg): Spline IK en Stretch To

6/21
Spline IK SplineIKConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Curve that controls this relationship
Chain LengthINT01 – 255How many bones are included in the chain
Joint BindingsFLOAT00 – 1(EXPERIENCED USERS ONLY) The relative positions of the joints along the chain, as percentages
Chain OffsetBOOLEANuit–Offset the entire chain relative to the root joint
Even DivisionsBOOLEANuit–Ignore the relative lengths of the bones when fitting to the curve
Use Curve RadiusBOOLEANaan–Average radius of the endpoints is used to tweak the X and Z Scaling of the bones, on top of XZ Scale mode
XZ Scale ModeENUMNONENone, Bone Original, Inverse Scale, Volume PreservationMethod used for determining the scaling of the X and Z axes of the bones
Y Scale ModeENUMNONENone, Fit Curve, Bone OriginalMethod used for determining the scaling of the Y axis of the bones, on top of the shape and scaling of the curve itself
Use Original ScaleBOOLEANuit–Apply volume preservation over the original scaling
Volume VariationFLOAT00 – 100Factor between volume variation and stretching
Use Volume Variation MinimumBOOLEANuit–Use lower limit for volume variation
Use Volume Variation MaximumBOOLEANuit–Use upper limit for volume variation
Volume Variation MinimumFLOAT00 – 1Minimum volume stretching factor
Volume Variation MaximumFLOAT01 – 100Maximum volume stretching factor
Volume Variation SmoothnessFLOAT00 – 1Strength of volume stretching clamping
Stretch To StretchToConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Maintain VolumeENUMVOLUME_XZXXZ, X, Z, NoneMaintain the object's volume as it stretches
Keep AxisENUMPLANE_XXZ, ZX, SwingThe rotation type and axis order to use
Original LengthFLOAT00 – 100Length at rest position
Volume VariationFLOAT00 – 100Factor between volume variation and stretching
Use Volume Variation MinimumBOOLEANuit–Use lower limit for volume variation
Use Volume Variation MaximumBOOLEANuit–Use upper limit for volume variation
Volume Variation MinimumFLOAT00 – 1Minimum volume stretching factor
Volume Variation MaximumFLOAT01 – 100Maximum volume stretching factor
Volume Variation SmoothnessFLOAT00 – 1Strength of volume stretching clamping
Track To TrackToConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Track AxisENUMTRACK_XX, Y, Z, -X, -Y, -ZAxis that points to the target object
Up AxisENUMUP_XX, Y, ZAxis that points upward
Target ZBOOLEANuit–Target's Z axis, not World Z axis, will constrain the Up direction
Uitleg · 92.7

Spline IK: een botketting die een curve volgt

7/21

Spline IK is geen constraint voor een los object, maar voor een keten botten (hoofdstuk 93): de botten buigen mee met de vorm van een curve-object, met instellingen voor hoeveel botten meedoen (Chain Length) en hoe de dikte langs de keten verandert (XZ Scale Mode). De klassieke toepassing is een staart, tentakel of slang: de animator vervormt de curve met een paar controlepunten, en de hele botketen volgt automatisch mee — sneller dan elk bot apart met de hand poseren.

Follow Path stuurt hier een los object langs een curve — Spline IK gebruikt diezelfde curve-gedachte, maar dan om een hele botketen te buigen.RECRENDER · EEVEE00:00:00:001280×720
render-constraint-follow-pathFollow Path stuurt hier een los object langs een curve — Spline IK gebruikt diezelfde curve-gedachte, maar dan om een hele botketen te buigen.
Naslag · 92.8

Transform, deel 1 — Copy

8/21

Halen hun waarde rechtstreeks van een doel-object: verplaats het doel, en het beperkte object volgt mee.

Copy Location CopyLocationConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Copy XBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's X location
Copy YBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's Y location
Copy ZBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's Z location
Invert XBOOLEANuit–Invert the X location
Invert YBOOLEANuit–Invert the Y location
Invert ZBOOLEANuit–Invert the Z location
OffsetBOOLEANuit–Add original location into copied location
Copy Rotation CopyRotationConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Copy XBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's X rotation
Copy YBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's Y rotation
Copy ZBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's Z rotation
Invert XBOOLEANuit–Invert the X rotation
Invert YBOOLEANuit–Invert the Y rotation
Invert ZBOOLEANuit–Invert the Z rotation
Euler OrderENUMAUTODefault, XYZ Euler, XZY Euler, YXZ Euler, YZX Euler, ZXY Euler, ZYX EulerExplicitly specify the euler rotation order
Mix ModeENUMREPLACEReplace, Add, Before Original, After Original, Offset (Legacy)Specify how the copied and existing rotations are combined
OffsetBOOLEANuit–DEPRECATED: Add original rotation into copied rotation
Copy Scale CopyScaleConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Copy XBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's X scale
Copy YBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's Y scale
Copy ZBOOLEANuit–Copy the target's Z scale
PowerFLOAT1–Raise the target's scale to the specified power
Make UniformBOOLEANuit–Redistribute the copied change in volume equally between the three axes of the owner
OffsetBOOLEANuit–Combine original scale with copied scale
AdditiveBOOLEANaan–Use addition instead of multiplication to combine scale (2.7 compatibility)
Copy Transforms CopyTransformsConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Remove Target ShearBOOLEANuit–Remove shear from the target transformation before combining
Mix ModeENUMREPLACEReplace, Before Original (Full), Before Original (Aligned), Before Original (Split Channels), After Original (Full), After Original (Aligned), After Original (Split Channels)Specify how the copied and existing transformations are combined
Naslag · 92.9

Transform, deel 2 — Limit

9/21

Knijpen de eigen transform van het object binnen een minimum en maximum, zonder doel-object nodig te hebben.

Limit Distance LimitDistanceConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DistanceFLOAT00 – 100Radius of limiting sphere
Limit ModeENUMLIMITDIST_INSIDEInside, Outside, On SurfaceDistances in relation to sphere of influence to allow
Affect TransformBOOLEANuit–Transforms are affected by this constraint as well
Limit Location LimitLocationConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Minimum XBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum X value
Minimum YBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum Y value
Minimum ZBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum Z value
Maximum XBOOLEANuit–Use the maximum X value
Maximum YBOOLEANuit–Use the maximum Y value
Maximum ZBOOLEANuit–Use the maximum Z value
Minimum XFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Lowest X value to allow
Minimum YFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Lowest Y value to allow
Minimum ZFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Lowest Z value to allow
Maximum XFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Highest X value to allow
Maximum YFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Highest Y value to allow
Maximum ZFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Highest Z value to allow
Affect TransformBOOLEANuit–Transform tools are affected by this constraint as well
Limit Rotation LimitRotationConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Limit XBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum X value
Limit YBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum Y value
Limit ZBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum Z value
Minimum XFLOAT0-6.2832 – 6.2832Lower X angle bound
Minimum YFLOAT0-6.2832 – 6.2832Lower Y angle bound
Minimum ZFLOAT0-6.2832 – 6.2832Lower Z angle bound
Maximum XFLOAT0-6.2832 – 6.2832Upper X angle bound
Maximum YFLOAT0-6.2832 – 6.2832Upper Y angle bound
Maximum ZFLOAT0-6.2832 – 6.2832Upper Z angle bound
Euler OrderENUMAUTODefault, XYZ Euler, XZY Euler, YXZ Euler, YZX Euler, ZXY Euler, ZYX EulerExplicitly specify the euler rotation order
Affect TransformBOOLEANuit–Transform tools are affected by this constraint as well
Legacy BehaviorBOOLEANuit–Use the old semi-broken behavior that does not understand that rotations loop around
Limit Scale LimitScaleConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Minimum XBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum X value
Minimum YBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum Y value
Minimum ZBOOLEANuit–Use the minimum Z value
Maximum XBOOLEANuit–Use the maximum X value
Maximum YBOOLEANuit–Use the maximum Y value
Maximum ZBOOLEANuit–Use the maximum Z value
Minimum XFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Lowest X value to allow
Minimum YFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Lowest Y value to allow
Minimum ZFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Lowest Z value to allow
Maximum XFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Highest X value to allow
Maximum YFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Highest Y value to allow
Maximum ZFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Highest Z value to allow
Affect TransformBOOLEANuit–Transform tools are affected by this constraint as well
Uitleg · 92.10

Copy tegenover Limit, en waarom je ze vaak combineert

10/21

Copy * en Limit * werken tegengesteld: de ene haalt een waarde van buiten, de andere begrenst de eigen waarde. Beide combineer je vaak op één object: een rig-controller die de rotatie van een ander bot kopieert via Copy Rotation, met daaronder een Limit Rotation die voorkomt dat een elleboog de verkeerde kant op buigt. De volgorde in de stapel is hierbij beslissend — een Limit boven een Copy zou de begrenzing toepassen vóór de kopie er is, en dus niets doen.

Eén botje met Copy Rotation gevolgd door Limit Rotation in de stapel, met de begrenzing zichtbaar als een grijze cirkelsector.RECBLENDER 5.1 · CONSTRAINT-COPYVSLIMIT00:00:00:001920×1080
shot-constraint-copyvslimitEén botje met Copy Rotation gevolgd door Limit Rotation in de stapel, met de begrenzing zichtbaar als een grijze cirkelsector.
Naslag · 92.11

Transform, deel 3 — Maintain Volume en Transform

11/21
Maintain Volume MaintainVolumeConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Free AxisENUMSAMEVOL_XX, Y, ZThe free scaling axis of the object
ModeENUMSTRICTStrict, Uniform, Single AxisThe way the constraint treats original non-free axis scaling
VolumeFLOAT00.001 – 100Volume of the bone at rest
Transformation
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
Transform Cache TransformCacheConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Cache FilePOINTER––
Object PathSTRING––Path to the object in the Alembic archive used to lookup the transform matrix
Uitleg · 92.12

Maintain Volume en Transformation: de twee specialisten

12/21

Maintain Volume compenseert bij het uitrekken van een object langs één as automatisch de andere twee assen, zodat het volume ongeveer gelijk blijft — zoals een spierbult die breder wordt als een arm buigt. Transformation (TRANSFORM in de data) is de meest flexibele van de hele lijst: hij zet een waarde op één transform-kanaal van het doel om naar een ándere op het beperkte object, met een instelbare Map From/Map To en interpolatiecurve — bijvoorbeeld de X-rotatie van een deurhandvat omzetten naar de Z-locatie van een schuifdeur. Transform Cache leest een gebakken transform uit een Alembic- of USD-cache, voor gecombineerde workflows met externe simulatiesoftware.

Maintain Volume en Transformation staan in dezelfde constraint-stapel als de Copy- en Limit-constraints hier — herkenbaar aan dezelfde rij-opbouw.RECBLENDER 5.1 · CONSTRAINT-COPYVSLIMIT00:00:00:001920×1080
shot-constraint-copyvslimitMaintain Volume en Transformation staan in dezelfde constraint-stapel als de Copy- en Limit-constraints hier — herkenbaar aan dezelfde rij-opbouw.
Naslag · 92.13

Relationship, deel 1

13/21
Action ActionConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Mix ModeENUMAFTER_FULLReplace, Before Original (Full), Before Original (Aligned), Before Original (Split Channels), After Original (Full), After Original (Aligned), After Original (Split Channels)Specify how existing transformations and the action channels are combined
Transform ChannelENUMROTATION_XX Location, Y Location, Z Location, X Rotation, Y Rotation, Z Rotation, X Scale, Y Scale, Z ScaleTransformation channel from the target that is used to key the Action
ActionPOINTER––The constraining action
Action Slot HandleINT0-10000 – 10000A number that identifies which sub-set of the Action is considered to be for this Action Constraint
Last Action Slot IdentifierSTRING––The identifier of the most recently assigned action slot. The slot identifies which sub-set of the Action is considered to be for this constraint, and its identifier is used to find the right slot when assigning an Action.
Action SlotPOINTER––The slot identifies which sub-set of the Action is considered to be for this strip, and its name is used to find the right slot when assigning another Action
Action SlotsCOLLECTION––The list of action slots suitable for this NLA strip
Object ActionBOOLEANuit–Bones only: apply the object's transformation channels of the action to the constrained bone, instead of bone's channels
Start FrameINT0-1048574 – 1048574First frame of the Action to use
End FrameINT0-1048574 – 1048574Last frame of the Action to use
MaximumFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Maximum value for target channel range
MinimumFLOAT0-1000 – 1000Minimum value for target channel range
Evaluation TimeFLOAT00 – 1Interpolates between Action Start and End frames
Use Evaluation TimeBOOLEANuit–Interpolate between Action Start and End frames, with the Evaluation Time slider instead of the Target object/bone
Armature ArmatureConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetsCOLLECTION––Target Bones
Preserve VolumeBOOLEANuit–Deform rotation interpolation with quaternions
Use EnvelopesBOOLEANuit–Multiply weights by envelope for all bones, instead of acting like Vertex Group based blending. The specified weights are still used, and only the listed bones are considered.
Use Current LocationBOOLEANuit–Use the current bone location for envelopes and choosing B-Bone segments instead of rest position
Child Of ChildOfConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Location XBOOLEANuit–Use X Location of Parent
Location YBOOLEANuit–Use Y Location of Parent
Location ZBOOLEANuit–Use Z Location of Parent
Rotation XBOOLEANuit–Use X Rotation of Parent
Rotation YBOOLEANuit–Use Y Rotation of Parent
Rotation ZBOOLEANuit–Use Z Rotation of Parent
Scale XBOOLEANuit–Use X Scale of Parent
Scale YBOOLEANuit–Use Y Scale of Parent
Scale ZBOOLEANuit–Use Z Scale of Parent
Set Inverse PendingBOOLEANuit–Set to true to request recalculation of the inverse matrix
Inverse MatrixFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Transformation matrix to apply before
Uitleg · 92.14

Child Of: de krachtigste en de gevaarlijkste

14/21

Child Of gedraagt zich als parenting, maar dan als constraint: het object erft locatie, rotatie én schaal van een doel, met een Set Inverse-knop die — net als Ctrl+P bij echte parenting — de huidige relatieve transform vastzet als nulpunt. Vergeet je Set Inverse, dan springt het object bij het toevoegen van de constraint naar de oorsprong van het doel: de klassieke "mijn object teleporteert plots weg"-fout bij deze constraint. Armature is de constraint-versie van de Armature-modifier: skinning zonder modifier-stapel, gangbaar op hulpobjecten in plaats van op de hoofdmesh.

Een object vóór en na het toevoegen van Child Of zonder Set Inverse: rechts is het object naar de oorsprong van het doel gesprongen.RECBLENDER 5.1 · CONSTRAINT-CHILDOF00:00:00:001920×1080
shot-constraint-childofEen object vóór en na het toevoegen van Child Of zonder Set Inverse: rechts is het object naar de oorsprong van het doel gesprongen.
Naslag · 92.15

Relationship, deel 2

15/21
Floor FloorConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target object
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
Floor LocationENUMFLOOR_XX, Y, Z, -X, -Y, -ZLocation of target that object will not pass through
Use RotationBOOLEANuit–Use the target's rotation to determine floor
OffsetFLOAT0-100 – 100Offset of floor from object origin
Follow Path FollowPathConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target Curve object
OffsetFLOAT0-1048574 – 1048574Offset from the position corresponding to the time frame
Offset FactorFLOAT00 – 1Percentage value defining target position along length of curve
Forward AxisENUMFORWARD_XX, Y, Z, -X, -Y, -ZAxis that points forward along the path
Up AxisENUMUP_XX, Y, ZAxis that points upward
Follow CurveBOOLEANuit–Object will follow the heading and banking of the curve
Fixed PositionBOOLEANuit–Object will stay locked to a single point somewhere along the length of the curve regardless of time
Curve RadiusBOOLEANuit–Object is scaled by the curve radius
Geometry Attribute GeometryAttributeConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target geometry object
Attribute NameSTRING––Name of the attribute to retrieve the transform from
Domain TypeENUMPOINTPoint, Edge, Face, Face Corner, Spline, InstanceAttribute domain
Target TransformBOOLEANuit–Apply the target object's world transform on top of the attribute's transform
Data TypeENUMVECTORVector, Quaternion, 4x4 MatrixSelect data type of attribute
Sample IndexINT00 – onbegrensdSample Index
Mix LocationBOOLEANuit–Mix Location
Mix RotationBOOLEANuit–Mix Rotation
Mix ScaleBOOLEANuit–Mix Scale
Mix ModeENUMREPLACEReplace, Before Original (Full), Before Original (Split Channels), After Original (Full), After Original (Split Channels)Specify how the copied and existing transformations are combined
Uitleg · 92.16

Floor en Follow Path

16/21

Floor voorkomt dat een object door een vlak van het doel-object zakt — géén botsingsdetectie zoals bij physics (hoofdstuk 97), maar een harde vlakke grens langs één as, met Offset voor de exacte hoogte. Follow Path plaatst een object op een curve en laat het meebewegen naarmate Evaluation Time of een keyframe op de curve zelf vordert — de basis voor elk object dat een vast tracé aflegt: een trein op rails, een camera langs een vliegroute.

Floor houdt dit object boven het vlak van het doel-object, zonder botsingsdetectie — een harde grens langs één as.RECRENDER · EEVEE00:00:00:001280×720
render-constraint-floorFloor houdt dit object boven het vlak van het doel-object, zonder botsingsdetectie — een harde grens langs één as.
Galerij · 92.17

Vijf constraints in de praktijk, met doelobject en hulplijnen zichtbaar

17/21

Elke render hieronder is een ECHTE bpy.types.Constraint op een object in de studioset (geen nagebouwd effect) — met het doelobject, een hulplijn of een referentievorm mee in beeld, zodat je in één oogopslag ziet wat de constraint heeft veranderd.

Track To
De pijl (Track Axis Z, met een Track To-constraint) wijst voortdurend naar de bal, verbonden met een dunne hulplijn.RECRENDER · EEVEE00:00:00:001280×720
render-constraint-track-toDe pijl (Track Axis Z, met een Track To-constraint) wijst voortdurend naar de bal, verbonden met een dunne hulplijn.
Copy Location
Het kubusje kopieert enkel de Z-locatie van de bal (X en Y blijven zijn eigen waarde) — de hulplijn loopt op gelijke hoogte tussen beide.RECRENDER · EEVEE00:00:00:001280×720
render-constraint-copy-locationHet kubusje kopieert enkel de Z-locatie van de bal (X en Y blijven zijn eigen waarde) — de hulplijn loopt op gelijke hoogte tussen beide.
Limit Rotation
De plank probeert 120° te draaien, maar Limit Rotation knijpt de Z-rotatie tot maximaal 45° — de blauwe taartpunt toont het toegestane bereik.RECRENDER · EEVEE00:00:00:001280×720
render-constraint-limit-rotationDe plank probeert 120° te draaien, maar Limit Rotation knijpt de Z-rotatie tot maximaal 45° — de blauwe taartpunt toont het toegestane bereik.
Floor
Beide ballen starten op dezelfde (lage) hoogte; alleen de oranje bal heeft een Floor-constraint en wordt tot op de plaat opgetild — de grijze bal zonder constraint blijft op zijn oorspronkelijke, lagere plek.RECRENDER · EEVEE00:00:00:001280×720
render-constraint-floorBeide ballen starten op dezelfde (lage) hoogte; alleen de oranje bal heeft een Floor-constraint en wordt tot op de plaat opgetild — de grijze bal zonder constraint blijft op zijn oorspronkelijke, lagere plek.
Follow Path
Het kubusje zit vast op 62% van de curve (Evaluation Time) en draait mee met de richting van het pad ter plaatse.RECRENDER · EEVEE00:00:00:001280×720
render-constraint-follow-pathHet kubusje zit vast op 62% van de curve (Evaluation Time) en draait mee met de richting van het pad ter plaatse.
Naslag · 92.18

Relationship, deel 3 — IK, Pivot, Shrinkwrap

18/21
Inverse Kinematics
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
Pivot PivotConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
Head/TailFLOAT00 – 1Target along length of bone: Head is 0, Tail is 1
Follow B-BoneBOOLEANuit–Follow shape of B-Bone segments when calculating Head/Tail position
TargetPOINTER––Target Object, defining the position of the pivot when defined
Sub-TargetSTRING––
Use Relative OffsetBOOLEANaan–Offset will be an absolute point in space instead of relative to the target
OffsetFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Offset of pivot from target (when set), or from owner's location (when Fixed Position is off), or the absolute pivot point
Enabled Rotation RangeENUMNXAlways, -X Rotation, -Y Rotation, -Z Rotation, X Rotation, Y Rotation, Z RotationRotation range on which pivoting should occur
Shrinkwrap ShrinkwrapConstraint
InstellingTypeStandaardBereikWat hij doet (tooltip uit Blender)
NameSTRING––Constraint name
TypeENUMCAMERA_SOLVERCamera Solver, Follow Track, Object Solver, Copy Location, Copy Rotation, Copy Scale, Copy Transforms, Limit Distance, Limit Location, Limit Rotation, Limit Scale, Maintain Volume, Transformation, Transform Cache, Clamp To, Damped Track, Inverse Kinematics, Locked Track, Spline IK, Stretch To, Track To, Action, Armature, Child Of, Floor, Follow Path, Geometry Attribute, Pivot, Shrinkwrap
Override ConstraintBOOLEANaan–In a local override object, whether this constraint comes from the linked reference object, or is local to the override
Owner SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace that owner is evaluated in
Target SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local Space, Local Space (Owner Orientation)Space that target is evaluated in
ObjectPOINTER––Object for Custom Space
Sub-TargetSTRING––Armature bone, mesh or lattice vertex group, ...
DisableBOOLEANuit–Enable/Disable Constraint
EnabledBOOLEANaan–Use the results of this constraint
ExpandedBOOLEANuit–Constraint's panel is expanded in UI
ValidBOOLEANaan–Constraint has valid settings and can be evaluated
ActiveBOOLEANuit–Constraint is the one being edited
InfluenceFLOAT00 – 1Amount of influence constraint will have on the final solution
Lin errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in Blender space unit for constraints that work on position
Rotation errorFLOAT0-10000 – 10000Amount of residual error in radians for constraints that work on orientation
TargetPOINTER––Target Mesh object
Shrinkwrap TypeENUMNEAREST_SURFACENearest Surface Point, Project, Nearest Vertex, Target Normal ProjectSelect type of shrinkwrap algorithm for target position
Snap ModeENUMON_SURFACEOn Surface, Inside, Outside, Outside Surface, Above SurfaceSelect how to constrain the object to the target surface
DistanceFLOAT00 – 100Distance to Target
Project AxisENUMPOS_X+X, +Y, +Z, -X, -Y, -ZAxis constrain to
Axis SpaceENUMWORLDWorld Space, Custom Space, Pose Space, Local With Parent, Local SpaceSpace for the projection axis
Project DistanceFLOAT00 – 100Limit the distance used for projection (zero disables)
Project OppositeBOOLEANuit–Project in both specified and opposite directions
Face CullENUMOFFOff, Front, BackStop vertices from projecting to a face on the target when facing towards/away
Invert CullBOOLEANuit–When projecting in the opposite direction invert the face cull mode
Align Axis To NormalBOOLEANuit–Align the specified axis to the surface normal
Track AxisENUMTRACK_XX, Y, Z, -X, -Y, -ZAxis that is aligned to the normal
Uitleg · 92.19

IK, Pivot en Shrinkwrap: drie totaal verschillende toepassingen

19/21

Inverse Kinematics (IK) draait de normale botlogica om: in plaats van elk bot afzonderlijk te roteren (Forward Kinematics), sleep je het eindpunt van een keten en berekent Blender de tussenliggende hoeken — de standaardmanier om een been of arm te poseren (hoofdstuk 93 gaat hier dieper op in). Pivot verschuift het draaipunt van een rotatie naar een ander object, voor scharnierbewegingen die niet rond de eigen origin draaien. Shrinkwrap trekt een object naar het oppervlak van een doelmesh — gangbaar om een oog strak op een schedelvorm te houden, of kleding dicht bij een lichaam te laten aansluiten zonder er doorheen te steken.

Links een botketen met IK-target op de hand, rechts een bol met Shrinkwrap-constraint die strak op een onderliggend hoofd blijft.RECBLENDER 5.1 · CONSTRAINT-IK-SHRINKWRAP00:00:00:001920×1080
shot-constraint-ik-shrinkwrapLinks een botketen met IK-target op de hand, rechts een bol met Shrinkwrap-constraint die strak op een onderliggend hoofd blijft.
Naslag · 92.20

Sneltoetsen — werken met constraints in Pose Mode

20/21
Sneltoetsen — Pose EMPTY / WINDOW
ToetsActieOperator
GMovetransform.translate
RRotatetransform.rotate
SResizetransform.resize
LEFTMOUSEMovetransform.translate
Ctrl+MMirrortransform.mirror
Ctrl+PMake Parentobject.parent_set
Alt+HReveal Selectedpose.reveal
HHide Selectedpose.hide
Shift+HHide Selectedpose.hide
Ctrl+AApplywm.call_menu
Alt+RClear Pose Rotationpose.rot_clear
Alt+GClear Pose Locationpose.loc_clear
Alt+SClear Pose Scalepose.scale_clear
Alt+FFlip Quaternionspose.quaternions_flip
Ctrl+RSet Rotation Modepose.rotation_mode_set
Ctrl+CCopy Posepose.copy
Ctrl+VPaste Posepose.paste
Ctrl+Shift+VPaste Posepose.paste
A(De)select Allpose.select_all
Alt+A(De)select Allpose.select_all
Ctrl+I(De)select Allpose.select_all
A(De)select Allpose.select_all
Shift+PSelect Parent Bonepose.select_parent
LEFT_BRACKETSelect Hierarchypose.select_hierarchy
Shift+LEFT_BRACKETSelect Hierarchypose.select_hierarchy
RIGHT_BRACKETSelect Hierarchypose.select_hierarchy
Shift+RIGHT_BRACKETSelect Hierarchypose.select_hierarchy
Ctrl+LSelect Connectedpose.select_linked
LSelect Connectedpose.select_linked_pick
Shift+GSelect Groupedpose.select_grouped
Ctrl+Shift+MSelect Mirrorpose.select_mirror
Ctrl+Shift+CAdd Constraint (with Targets)pose.constraint_add_with_targets
Ctrl+Alt+CClear Pose Constraintspose.constraints_clear
Shift+IAdd IK to Bonepose.ik_add
Ctrl+Alt+IRemove IKpose.ik_clear
Shift+WToggle Bone Optionswm.call_menu
Ctrl+Shift+WEnable Bone Optionswm.call_menu
Alt+WDisable Bone Optionswm.call_menu
Shift+MAssign to Collectionarmature.assign_to_collection
MMove to Collectionarmature.move_to_collection
Ctrl+Alt+Shift+SScale B-Bonetransform.bbone_resize
KInsert Keyframe Menuanim.keyframe_insert_menu
Alt+IDelete Keyframeanim.keyframe_delete_v3d
Shift+KSet Active Keying Setanim.keying_set_active_set
Ctrl+EPush Pose from Breakdownpose.push
Alt+ERelax Pose to Breakdownpose.relax
Shift+EPose Breakdownerpose.breakdown
Alt+Shift+EBlend to Neighborpose.blend_to_neighbor
Alt+PPropagatewm.call_menu
RIGHTMOUSEPosewm.call_menu
APPPosewm.call_menu
Alt+Shift+WSelect Selection Setwm.call_menu
IInsert Keyframeanim.keyframe_insert
Zelf doen · 92.21

Zelf proberen: een lamp die een doelobject blijft volgen

21/21

Zet een Damped Track-constraint op een lamp zodat hij een bewegend doelobject blijft belichten, met een Limit Rotation als veiligheidsgrens.

  1. 1Open blends/start_lamp_volgen.blend — een lamp en een los Empty-object dat je kan verplaatsen.
  2. 2Voeg op de lamp een Damped Track-constraint toe met de Empty als Target en -Z als Track Axis.
  3. 3Verplaats de Empty in de 3D Viewport en controleer of de lamp meedraait.
  4. 4Voeg daaronder een Limit Rotation toe die de X-rotatie tussen -60° en 60° houdt.
  5. 5Verplaats de Empty voorbij die grens en zie hoe de lamp niet verder meedraait.
Gelukt als…De lamp volgt de Empty vloeiend, maar kantelt nooit verder dan de ingestelde grens, ongeacht hoe ver de Empty beweegt.
Sleep om rond te draaien
001
start_lamp_volgen.blend
Volgobject1 materialen8 vertices