Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine
Medical Disclaimer
This lesson contains general health and fitness information. Always consult a qualified medical professional or certified trainer before beginning any exercise programme, changing your diet, or making health decisions. This content is for educational purposes only.
The Biopsychosocial Model
Holistic Health
Health psychology moves beyond the traditional biomedical model. It relies on the Biopsychosocial Model proposed by George Engel, which asserts that health and illness are determined by a dynamic interaction: Stress, a major psychological factor, triggers the HPA axis, releasing cortisol and potentially compromising the immune system.
Biomedical vs. Biopsychosocial Model
Biomedical Model
- Views illness strictly as a biological malfunction
- Focuses purely on treating physical symptoms
- Patient is a passive recipient of medical treatment
Biopsychosocial Model
- Views illness as an interaction of body, mind, and environment
- Focuses on treating the whole person, including lifestyle
- Patient is an active participant in their health
Coping Strategies for Stress
| Strategy Type | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Problem-Focused Coping | Tackling the stressor directly to alter or eliminate it. | Creating a study schedule for an upcoming exam. |
| Emotion-Focused Coping | Managing the emotional distress associated with the stressor. | Practicing mindfulness or seeking social support. |
According to the biopsychosocial model, which of the following is considered a 'social' factor influencing health?
Socioeconomic status, cultural background, and social support networks are key social determinants of health in this model.
Correct answer: Socioeconomic status and cultural background
What primary stress hormone is released by the adrenal glands during chronic stress?
Cortisol is the primary stress hormone; prolonged elevated levels can negatively impact immune function and overall health.
Correct answer: Cortisol