Educational and School Psychology

Manual: General · Subject: Applied Psychology

Applying psychological principles to optimize learning and educational environments.

Enhancing the Learning Process

Cognitive Load Theory

Educational psychology studies how people learn. A fundamental concept is Sweller's Cognitive Load Theory, which posits that working memory has a limited capacity. Total cognitive load ( $C_t$ ) can be modeled as: $C_t = C_i + C_e + C_g$ where $C_i$ is intrinsic load (inherent difficulty), $C_e$ is extraneous load (poor instructional design), and $C_g$ is germane load (effort put into creating schemas).

Types of Cognitive Load

Intrinsic Load

The natural complexity of the information being learned. Cannot be altered without simplifying the topic.

Extraneous Load

Mental effort generated by the way information is presented. Should be minimized.

Germane Load

Mental effort directed toward integrating new information with existing knowledge. Should be maximized.

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Improving Retention

To optimize learning, educators should aim to reduce extraneous load (e.g., by removing distracting graphics) and encourage germane load (e.g., by asking students to self-explain concepts).

The Role of a School Psychologist

1

Conduct psychological and educational assessments.
2

Design Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for students with special needs.
3

Provide counseling and crisis intervention.
4

Consult with teachers and parents on behavioral management.

According to Cognitive Load Theory, which type of cognitive load is caused by poor instructional design and should be minimized?

Intrinsic Load Germane Load Extraneous Load Working Load

What is the term for the mental effort directed toward integrating new information into existing cognitive schemas?

Neuroanatomy Explorer

Memory Deck

Match the Pairs

Concept Constellation

Educational and School Psychology

Enhancing the Learning Process

Cognitive Load Theory

The Role of a School Psychologist