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Social Stratification, Inequality, and Mobility

Manual: General · Subject: Social Sciences

Investigate advanced theories of class, status, race, gender, and intergenerational mobility in stratified societies.

How Inequality Reproduces Itself

Stratification theory

Stratification research explains how social advantages and disadvantages are distributed, transmitted, and justified across generations. Advanced approaches integrate economic capital, cultural capital, social networks, and institutional discrimination to explain durable inequality.

Major mechanisms

Intergenerational transmission
Resources, norms, and opportunities are passed from parents to children.
Credentialism
Education credentials serve as gatekeeping devices for status and employment.
Segmentation
Labor markets are divided into distinct tracks with unequal rewards.
Discrimination
Unequal treatment based on group membership affects outcomes.

Two inequality frameworks

Individual attainment

  • Focuses on personal characteristics and outcomes
  • Useful for modeling mobility and returns to education

Structural reproduction

  • Focuses on institutions and durable power relations
  • Explains persistent group-level inequality
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Mobility is not just income

Intergenerational mobility can include occupational status, educational attainment, wealth, health, and social networks, each of which may move differently.

Which concept refers to the passing of advantages and disadvantages across generations?

Why is occupation only one dimension of mobility?

Intersectionality

Advanced stratification analysis often uses intersectionality to study how class, race, gender, caste, disability, and migration status combine rather than simply add together. This approach reveals that disadvantage can be co-produced through overlapping systems of power.

Intersectionality is most concerned with:

What is one limitation of studying inequality only at the individual level?