Inequality, Social Class, and Power
Understanding inequality
Unequal outcomes
Inequality means that people do not have the same access to wealth, power, education, safety, or opportunity. Some inequality is caused by individual choices, but many differences come from social systems, history, and institutions. Social scientists study how inequality is created and maintained.
Key concepts
What is discrimination?
Discrimination is unequal treatment because someone belongs to a certain group.
Correct answer: Unfair treatment based on group membership
What is social mobility?
Mobility can be upward or downward over a person's life or between generations.
Correct answer: Movement up or down in social status or economic position.
Why inequality matters
Social consequences
Inequality can affect health, education, life chances, and trust in society. It can also influence political participation and social conflict. Social scientists ask how unequal access to resources shapes people's lives and societies as a whole.
Which is one possible effect of inequality?
Unequal access to resources often leads to unequal life outcomes.
Correct answer: Differences in health and education outcomes
Name one factor that can affect a person's opportunities.
Opportunities are shaped by both personal and social factors.
Correct answer: Answers may include family income, education, location, discrimination, or access to services.