Correlation and Scatter Plots
Looking for relationships
Scatter plots
A scatter plot shows paired data points, with one variable on each axis. It is used to look for patterns between two numerical variables.
Correlation
Correlation describes the direction and strength of a linear relationship. A positive correlation means both variables tend to increase together, while a negative correlation means one tends to increase as the other decreases.
Correlation is not causation
Two variables can move together without one causing the other.
Relationship patterns
Positive relationship
- As increases, tends to increase
- Points slope upward
Negative relationship
- As increases, tends to decrease
- Points slope downward
What does a positive correlation suggest?
Positive correlation means higher values of one variable are associated with higher values of the other.
Correct answer: Both variables tend to move in the same direction
What graph is usually used to show correlation?
Scatter plots are designed for paired numerical data.
Correct answer: A scatter plot.
What does 'correlation is not causation' mean?
A correlation can exist without a direct cause-and-effect relationship.
Correct answer: A relationship does not prove one variable causes the other
Name one thing a scatter plot can help you spot.
Scatter plots can reveal patterns and unusual points.
Correct answer: A trend, cluster, outlier, or direction of relationship.