Chemical Bonds
Why Atoms Bond
Bonding Idea
Atoms bond because the bonded state can be more stable than staying separate. Bonding involves interactions among electrons, especially the outer or valence electrons.
Major Bond Types
Ionic bonding
- Electrons are transferred
- Often between metals and nonmetals
- Forms charged particles that attract
Covalent bonding
- Electrons are shared
- Often between nonmetals
- Forms molecules
Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, and they are most important for bonding.
Simplified Rule
Atoms often bond in ways that help fill or stabilize their outer electron shells.
Which bond type usually involves sharing electrons?
Covalent bonds form when atoms share electrons.
Correct answer: Covalent
What are the outermost electrons called?
Valence electrons are the outermost electrons and are key to bonding.
Correct answer: valence electrons
Which kind of bond often forms between a metal and a nonmetal?
Metals and nonmetals commonly form ionic bonds through electron transfer.
Correct answer: Ionic
How Bonds Form
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1
Atoms approach each other.
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2
Outer electrons interact.
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3
A more stable arrangement forms.
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4
The atoms become linked by a chemical bond.
What is the main reason atoms bond?
Bonding usually lowers the energy of the system and increases stability.
Correct answer: to become more stable