Macromolecules: The Building Blocks of Life
The Big Four Macromolecules
Overview
Cells rely on four major classes of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Each class has a special role in structure, energy, or information.
Macromolecule Families
Carbohydrates
- Quick energy
- Structural support in some organisms
Lipids
- Long-term energy storage
- Membrane formation
Macromolecule Vocabulary
Why Structure Matters
The structure of a macromolecule helps determine its function. For example, the shape of a protein can determine what it binds to and what it does in the cell.
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, and they carry genetic information.
Correct answer: Nucleic acids
What is a polymer?
Polymers are built from repeating building blocks.
Correct answer: A large molecule made of repeating smaller units called monomers.
Which macromolecule is most closely associated with enzymes?
Most enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions.
Correct answer: Proteins